Yosemite and Yellowstone Parks

Yosemite – National Park

The oldest of the National Parks is not Yellowstone, as many people think, but Yosemite. Yosemite was discovered in 1849, during the California Gold Rush by a man who was following an injured grizzly bear.
“Yosemite”, in fact, came from the name the Awhanee Indians had given to the grizzly bear. Sadly, grizzlies have died out here now, but there are still plenty of black bears.
Stories of Yosemite’s beauty had spread and travelers began to arrive to see it. But as more settlers came west, those who loved Yoesemite were afraid that the valley soon would be full of farms and colonists, and lost to the public forever.
In 1864, President Abraham Lincoln decided that Yosemite should be kept for the American people for all time, and the idea of the national parks was born. At first national parks had to be protected by the cavalry. These men on horses had to keep out hunters (who wanted to kill the deer and stag), and farmers with their livestock. For many years, the Rangers have been looking after the National Parks and have helped people to understand and enjoy them.
But tourists can be a problem, too. If more and more people come to the Parks, more and more roads, trails, car parks, etc. will be needed. As each of these gets built, a little bit of nature will be lost.
Yosemite is home to nearly 2,000 varieties of plants and animals, including giant sequoias. It is world famous for its geology with tall waterfalls and granite rocks too.


Yellowstone- National Park

Yellowstone was dedicated and set apart as a public park or pleasuring ground for the enjoyment of the people in 1872. Its a preservation of mineral deposits, natural curiosities and wonders.
The commanding features that attracted interest and led to the preservation of Yellowstone as a national park, were geological: the geothermal phenomena (there are more geysers and hot springs here than in the rest of the world combined), the colorful Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, fossil forests, and the size and elevation (2350m) of Yellowstone Lake.
Yellowstone is famous for its hooved mammals, such as bison, elk and bighorn sheep. These animals live in groups by the hundreds. More solitary are the moose, mule deer, mountain goats and white tailed deer which are quite rare. In Yellowstone there are grizzly and black bears too. Grizzly bears are classified as a threatened species.
One of the specialities of Yellowstone is the Yellowstone Lake, which is situated in the middle of the park. The Lake has bright water and is 100 m deep. Southwards from the lake springs the source of the Yellowstone River.
Hot springs and geysers are very well known. The colour of hot springs, ranging from blue, to orange, to yellow, to black, is caused by the water’s temperature, algae, minerals, reflection and absorption of the light by particles in the water. The largest hot spring in Yellowstone is Grand Prismatic Spring. Geysers are hot springs which periodically erupt as pressure mounts deep under the surface. Some geysers erupt every minute, some remain inactive for years. The park contains 150 to 200 geysers, including Old Faithful which erupts approximately every 81 minutes.
One of the next extras are Mud Pots. Mud Pots are another form of hot springs. Hot water mixes with clay and minerals. They can be very colourful, depending on the mineral content. Sometimes they are called “paint pots”.

Advertisement

What it is advertisement and where we can find it ? Well, there are a lot of kinds of advertisement. For example a lot of pages of advertisements in newspapers, magazines and journals. There are also billboards { which sometimes caurse car disasters, Eva Hercig`s advertisement of wonderbra }, but also the less favorite – paper advertisement.
And which advertisements are the most common ? Of course advertisements, which we can see on television.
There are o lot of interesting and quite funny advertisements, which you like watching but most of them aren’t very successful.
Advertisements play quite big role in the strategy of big, international and well known companies. These firms { for example producing mobiles, cars…} are usually very rich so they can give great amounts to creative people and firms in which they work. The most important thing for these giant firms is to have their advertisement witty, to captivate potential customers and stay in their mind { they use music, nice actors and actresses, jokes and favorite { sexual } catchwords}. The most important is to stay in customers` mind for a long time and to pleasant not to be strong and pedant.
…And then you might buy that nice mobile or a washing powder with that nice smell…
I would like to tell you about four advertisements.
First advertisement is for mobile Oscar. There are two people – father and his son. They stay on the iced pond and want to let a fish go. My opinion is that this advertisement is nice and easy. I feel good humor when I watch this advertisement.
On the opposite side is the second one – it is an advertisement for chocolate Fidorka. There are three people a man, his girlfriend { maybe }and a little girl with her doll. This girl wants the Fidorka, which this woman holds, sitting near the man in the car. The girl throws her doll at the car and airbags start to working so the girl can easily take woman’s chocolate. And atthe end she says to her doll : when you have to, so you have to: .
Isn’t it horrible ? I think so. My opinion is that it is very bad design for children.
The third one is advertisement for good water which is also witty and nice. And the last one is advertisement of all insets. I think that it is not dignified for women.
Are there an advantages of advertisement ? Yes, of course, there are. You know about the products, you can use advertisement to choose the best product and so on. And what about disadvantages ? I think only a few firms are able to make advertisements good and well done, so you don`t have such a big choice of small firms goods. Other thing is, that they use a lot of paper for that paper advertisements…and nobody reads it…
How does advertisement influent me ? Well, I’m not robot, so I remember the products and sometimes I buy them… For example shampoos, clothes and so on. But it also depends on the price and quality.

Burj Al Arab Hotel

- A 24 meter (79 feet) wide helipad projects from the building 210 meters above the ground.
- Burj Al Arab is the world's tallest structure with a membrane facade.
- This is the tallest operating hotel building in the world (not counting mixed-use buildings like Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai or the unfinished Ryugyong Hotel in Pyongyang, North Korea).
- "Burj" is Arabic for "Tower".
- The building's external lighting schemes, from white light to a multicolored one, change from one to another every 30 minutes expressing the evening's progress.
- The building's design is influenced by the profile of an Arabian sailing ship.
- The Al Muntaha restaurant is located 200 metres above the Persian Gulf, offering great views of Dubai. It is accessed by a panoramic elevator.
- The atrium is 180 metres high, one of the tallest in the world.

Icehotel Jukkasjarvi

Icehotel Jukkasjarvi

Take our standard 3 or 4-night break at the unique and simply magnificent ICEHOTEL and discover for yourself what all the excitement is about! With just a few months to appreciate the beauty and ingenuity of its design before it melts back into the river from whence it came, can you afford not to visit?

The Icehotel is available from mid-December to mid-April although December and very early January departures are during the later stages of construction. Ice rooms will be ready for guests and you’ll be able to watch some of the ice sculptures and artists at work, finishing off their creations and certain aspects of the hotel – quite a privilege. However, if you’d prefer to see the hotel is all its glory, the best time to travel is from early January – call our reservations team for advice.

Why is this trip so special?
The world-famous 'original' - enough said! This holiday is suitable for most people, except families with very young children. It is also a premier wedding and honeymoon destination.

Exclusive Direct flight - takes just 3½ hours!
Discover the World has just concluded a ground breaking agreement with Scandinavian Airlines to operate an exclusive charter flight direct to Kiruna. Read more

About the Icehotel

Jukkasjarvi is located 200km north of the Arctic Circle, in the heart of Swedish Lapland and is just a short drive from the airport in Kiruna. The village of Jukkasjarvi has a small museum and a pretty church.

Since ICEHOTEL melts every spring, each year a team of snowbuilders, architects, designers and artists from all corners of the world create the Icehotel®. For the 2007/08 Winter season the ICEHOTEL spans over some 6000 m2 and has 80 rooms; Ice rooms, Ice family rooms, Ice suites and ice suites deluxe. Invited artists decorate each suite which are all unique.

The ice used to build this incredible structure is a particular feature of the Icehotel® as it is crystal clear – the fast-flowing river Torne ensures few bubbles are trapped within it. The sight, as you open the main, reindeer-skin clad doors, is simply breathtaking – a grand, ice pillared hallway illuminated by a spectacular ice chandelier.

Kept at a constant -5°C to -8°C, the interior actually feels quite pleasant, especially when outside temperatures can drop to around -37°C! Walk past several ice sculptures and imaginatively lit ice art towards one of the most popular rooms - the Absolut Ice Bar. With its vaulted ceiling, plenty of ice block seating (thankfully covered in reindeer skins) and see-though bar, it serves an impressive range of colourful vodka cocktails, naturally served in chunky ice glasses. Although hot cocktails are served in not-so-attractive paper cups, they provide an instant form of central heating, but be careful not to stand them on the bar, for obvious reasons!

Optional Excursions
The are so many optional excursions to choose from at the Icehotel it is difficult to decide which ones to do! Here's a few: snowmobiling, husky sledging, cross country skiing, moose and reindeer safari's, ice driving and ice skulpting. You may even start your holiday with a transfer from the airport by husky sledge! Please find more details on our 'Optional excursions' page.

The Restaurants and Absolut Icebar
When staying at the Icehotel®, meals are taken in a separate building across the road from reception. The restaurant offers an extensive breakfast and lunchtime buffet and an à la carte dinner menu. A selection of light meals and snacks are available at the cosy basement bar and just a little further along the main road, the Homestead restaurant serves excellent hearty buffet-style meals in a rustic setting. Please find more details on our restaurant and Absolut Icebar pages.

Accommodation - Warm rooms and Ice rooms

One night is spent in a standard ice room or you may wish to upgrade - ice suites are individually themed often with a striking ice relief, sculptures and a bed that can only be described as a work of art. There are even honeymoon suites, with double sleeping bags and lockable doors! Other accommodation in the resort is heated and consists of Nordic or Aurora cabins and Kaamos rooms. Please find more details on our accommodation page.

Who is making more money - men or women?

I think that it is not rule that the men earn more money as women or women more as men. In some job can they earn the same salary. So,for example: one women and one man are teachers. When the women is better than man, she earn more as man and conversely.

When they are in one level they earn the same salary.
But when they work in factory, I think ,that the man earn more money, because he is stronger as women. Women are better in sewing a dress so they earn more money.
But in statistics is that the men earn more money as women. I don´t know why.

Maybe because more women are at home.They have to take care of children and men have to bring money at home.

In the world exist discrimination. For example: the chief of bank is man so he take more money to men, because he think, that women aren´t so good. I think, that it is not right.
When I reflect on a present, there didn´t work women. They were at home and only men worket But now are women as good as men!!!
Women are better in school, they have better education, so they are clever.Yes, men too,but statistics say: that more women have better education as men!

So, I think,that it is not true that the men have to earn more money as women.

It is individual and when we take pains, we will have good job.

Euro

Begining and explanation
Ladies and Gentlemem, I would like to talk about Euro. I will mainly adress you, who wants to study at the economic university. Nevertheless I will try to cach attention of the rest, I hope I won´t be boring.

Origins of money
Let´s begin in far history, it can help us to understand the present situation. From the beginning of civilization people needed to exchange goods. As The number of people was growing and they started to concentrate in settlements and towns, volume of changes started to grow rapidely. So the markets were born. There was a substitutional unit needed, that can exactly express invested work and material. So money was born. Firstly they used as a money most common things such as wheat, then it was silk scarfs. Hundreds year laters were created coins made of gold and silver. This caused that currency was founded, their applicability was declared by the King. People was producing more and more goods, they had to pay more money for it. Carrying thousands of gold coins for long distance wasn´t safe. They started to use paper money, bank statements, and other papers that prooved, owner have money in bank.

Gold standard
At the end of 19th century the first monetary system called gold standard was developed. Every state expend it´s own money, fiduciaried by gold reserves. Exchange rates was nearly constant. , only a small diferences was caused by expenses on transporting gold. Balance and stability was obtained by Hume´s mechanism. It says concentrated gold in one country is causing higher price level, lower demand for their goods. It means this country will get expensive for others, and they will buy their goods somewhere else, till the gold moves out and price level get to normal.

Brettonwood system
In 1944 a meeting of ally states took place at Brettonwoods in the USA . They passed a new monetary systém called Brettonwood, that survived till 1971. Currencies were put to constant proportion, only with small field where they could move, so it was controlled floating monetary rate of exchange. Curancies was defined both to gold and dolar . At same time they established International monetary fund the central bank of all central banks. Member state lend it money, and it help countries with bad balance of payments. This helps to soften negative parts of the economic cycle and prevent big crises caused by secondary cash disability such as bank fall in our country at the end of 19.century. They also established World bank that use money of the members to help developing countries.

Non-stabile period
Time of BWS was a prosperity of all countries. But at 1970´s raised number of dolars hloded in foreign countries too much and USA left the systém. The curancies went their own ways e.rate was depend on supply and demand., central banks can only do a little with interventions. E.rate depended on regular economic reports, oil crizes, disaster. Now we can say that this was not good solution. The curancies tendency to oscilate in wide zone. It have many negative impacts. Credits and investitios are very risky, especialy in foreign curancy. Big fluctuation can cause bankruptcy of many companies. Risin exchange rate as we have now, has bad impact on export, because its geting expensive for buyers. They sell less and have to fire employers. Graphs with with E.rate and GNP says, once you lost the market it´s very difficult to get it back, it usually takes years.

European monetary system
As a defence, west-ueropean countries established in 1978 EMS. It collected main european curancies and put them into a snake. They have constantly related to each other but floating to other curancies as a single one. In early 90, was born an idea of single europen curancy with two main aims. 1. Prevent wars in Europe
2.Gather more prosperity from close cooperative work

Preparation for Euro
Collect so many curancies into one, is a very dificult process, which needs much time and work. Firstly it was needed to agree on limits for main economic aspects, then integrate work of central bank and their monetary policy. They have 2 key-tools to regulate economy.
1. Interventions- buying and selling their own curancy to regulate the E.rate
2. Discount rates. In recession they can lower it to provide more money into the economy. It cause more investitions and new workplaces. In boom they can higher it to prevent bad investitions and overheating.
Because the countries are not at the same place of E. cycle, although their high convergence. It means monetary policy in one country don´t have to be good for other. This is the main argument of Anti-euros, who says that Euro will not survive and if yes, it will be expensive. A big problem is the change it self. Member states were allowed to chose if they wanted to be a part of the euroland. This was not easy to make a decision, because there is many pros and cons. At the end all EU members joined except GB Dennmark and Sweden. But not witout problems, mayn people especially the older ones, didn´t want to lose their national curancy as a symbol of prosperity, tradition and national identity. In Germany Helmut Kohl passed the Euro without blessing from people. Two years before, printing machines started producing the Euro and sending it to national banks. In 1.1. 2002 Euro came to be valid.

Europe and Euro
We don´t know if the impact of Euro will be good or bad. My opinion is that it was a necessary step because of the economical sitiation in which in incomparasion with America is not much bright. Europe is too slow and looking at Americas back from bigger and bigger distance. They deal with problems much faster than europe. Their crises least for 3 months, ours for 1year. It is caused by the tradititions we still follow. As a social state we collect too much money that our goverments give back to people, this long process costs us money, inflexibility and big authority . Big companies are driven to keep emploeyrs when they dont want to, it turns against us. Companies dont want to employ workes for short time, because its not profitable, it causes workers higher unemployment rate. Strong nationalist govermants wants to protect their market against foreign companies, this makes europe fragmentize. Americans say we are like a big slow turtle. But now things have changed. Last february all old currencies ended. Since january newspapers are full of articles about Euro. Euro is now the symbol of europe.

First reactions
It´s a big step to united Europe.After New year´s euphoria and first problematic days people get accustomed to pay wit Euro.Strange problems has The Italiens who have a feeling of poorness, because they now gets their salary in thousand times smaller amounts. The advantage first recognized people in borderlands. Big shopping centers are having great time now. When they see prizes in same currency they can quickly compare prizes in nearby state.So it can happen that family buys minerale water in Belgium and sausages in France. New currency really uncovered some dissimilaries. Different price of same commodity is caused by different taxes in different countries. Before january almost nobody knows it, bu tnow it´s evident. I think this disbalance is not possible in long term wiev and they quickly make up things. Destroying these walls was always way to prosperity. I think that installation of Euro will unleash many small changes which will cause market rapprochement. Of course there will be a synergy efect. I means two isolated markets sell less then together. Big imact is on peoples´s way of thinking. Their home currency has a power in the world. If they want they can go for shoping to different state, without calculator. During the trip they don´t need to care about these things as a foreign currency. You know. Oh they have an ugly money, is this a 20 or 50? And what about big industrial companies, now they can chose from mre dealers, they can safe a big money. At the same time they can sale their products in abroad without changing prices every week.

Three faithless
Under the influence of enthusiasm in press an d report about succesfull euro, many people in „faithless countries“ have changed their minds. They are putting themselves into a not good position. Some of them has a feeling of a missed party. Exchange offices now offers 4 instead of tens west european currencies. They are now minority more then before. They are nervous, because nobody wants to stay alone.

Crown an Euro
There is nothing to tal about, when our convergention with germany is so high. There is no disadvantages. The only one who will always says there are onyl disadvantages is profesor Vaclav Klaus. Installation of Euro will be very possitive for us. But question is how and when join. There is a common topic of different price levels in CZ an EU and conected GNP/person. In this field is disbalance. While some products has same price as in EU some are many times cheaper. We can even up their price level using two tools.
1. rising exchange rate
2. have a highher inflation
It would make people happy, because prices of petrol and electronics will fall down. Now the E.rates rising. It´s caused by high demand of crowns, which will be needed to pay for big state monopols. But this report is Alarm for industy and export. As I explained before, they will lose their markets. This can cost us lower grow of GNP in next ten years. So the problem is how to chose relation of crown and Euro an which way chose in following years. Higher price level would be very pleasent. But we can´t boost the inflation because of Maastricht criteries, and cost of rising E.rate is too high.

Audioslave

After Zack de la Rocha put an end to Rage Against the Machine, the remaining members reformed as Audioslave with former Soundgarden vocalist, Chris Cornell, in 2001. They released their self-titled full-length debut in 2002, which reached multi-platinum status based partly on the strength of the single Cochise.

Vocals: Chris Cornell
Guitar: Tom Morello
Bass: Tim Commerford
Drums: Brad Wilk

The music is fueled by Cornell's powerful voice, Morello's unique and unconventional style of guitar playing, Commerford's smooth and funky basslines, and Wilk's powerful drumming. As with Rage Against the Machine, the band prides itself on the fact that all sounds are produced using only vocals, guitar, bass guitar, and drums.

On February 15, 2007, Chris Cornell officially announced his departure from Audioslave, issuing this statement:

"Due to irresolvable personality conflicts as well as musical differences, I am permanently leaving the band Audioslave. I wish the other three members nothing but the best in all of their future endeavors."

The fact that Rage Against the Machine will be reforming for a number of festival appearances in summer 2007 and that Chris Cornell plans to release and tour in support of a solo album further substantiate that Cornell's departure mean the end for Audioslave.

Discography
2002 Audioslave
2005 Out of Exile
2006 Revelations